At one time, Louisiana had counties. Shortly after the Louisiana territory was purchased by the United States, the Legislative Council divided the state into 12 counties: Orleans, German Coast, Acadia, LaFourche, Iberville, Pointe Coupee, Concordia, Atakapas, Opelousas, Rapides, Natchitoches and Ouachita.

In 1807 the state was divided in 19 parishes based on the boundaries of 21 ecclesiastical parishes established in 1762. Thus the parish became the local government district. Initially county judges served as the chief governing officers. A 12 member jury was created to serve with the judge and the justice of the peace (both appointed). They were charged with the responsibility for “execution of whatever concerns the interior and local police and administration of the parish.”